In the modern era, the democratic governance system is operated only through political parties. Parties are the backbone of democracy. Because modern democracy is not a direct democracy but a representative democracy and political parties are an integral part of it. Without political parties, there can be no organized expression of principles, no systematic development of policies, no regular use of the constitutional means of parliamentary elections, or any other recognized institution by which parties obtain and retain power. The development of the party system in each country depends on the socio-political historical conditions of that country. This is the reason why the form of party system is seen differently in the governance systems of different countries. Indian politics is going through new changes. New trends are also taking birth in political parties. Issues like regionalism, communalism, criminalization, language and development have affected the national parties.

ethnicity, regionalism, linguistics, religion, factionalism, Telugu Desam, Akali Dal, BSP, Sama, DMK.