The Internet of Things (IoT), which connects billions of objects and gadgets to the Internet, is seen as the future industrial and intellectual revolution in technology. These linked gadgets come in a variety of types. Different technologies and standards use various protocols to interact with one another. As a result of these heterogeneity issues, IoT implementation on a wide scale is challenging. This inspired us to identify the problems from the literature and offer solutions in order to solve the IoT scalability dilemma. This study is based on the systematic evaluation of the literature to identify the diverse problems and their solutions. 81 primary sources in all were chosen. Following the data's extraction and synthesis, we found 14 distinct IoT heterogeneity problems. "Heterogeneity of devices," "Heterogeneity in data formats," "Heterogeneity in communication," and "Interoperability Issue Due to Heterogeneity" are some of the difficulties that have been discovered. From the viewpoints of digital libraries and timeframes, the stated difficulties have been examined. Additionally, we have discovered 81 solutions in total for those problems, with at least 5 different answers for every problem. In the future, we will use a multi-criteria decision-making issue to categorize the problems and rank the solutions.

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