Modern transport systems face many challenges, and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have emerged as a promising solution that aims to increase sustainability, efficiency, and safety. Among the various ITS technologies, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are essential for enabling communication and coordination between vehicles, infrastructure, and other elements of the ransportation ecosystem. With a focus on the key ideas, issues, and developments in this area, this urvey paper offers a thorough overview of the integration of VANETs into ITS. It looks at the nderlying ideas behind VANETs, such as network architectures, communication protocols, and ecurity mechanisms. The study looks at the various ways that VANETs are used in ITS, including raffic management, collision avoidance, intelligent routing, and emergency services, by applying arious emerging technologies.This survey provides an analysis of the current security landscape in ntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) with a focus on ntegrating different routing protocols and algorithms. It examines the potential security threats and hallenges faced by ITS and VANET, including attacks on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-nfrastructure communications, privacy breaches, and data integrity issues. The survey investigates the role of routing protocols and algorithms in addressing these security concerns and improving verall security in ITS and VANET. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of various protocols, onsidering factors like scalability, adaptability, and resilience to security threats. The survey explores the influence of external factors such as environmental conditions, traffic patterns, and user behavior on the performance of VANET-based ITS. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as edge computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are examined in the context of addressing these challenges in enhancing security in ITS and VANET. The findings and recommendations of this survey provide guidance for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in developing secure ITS and VANET environments.

Intelligent Transport Systems, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, VANET, ITS, Communication protocols, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Blockchain.